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Definition

 

  • CML is defined by the presence of the Philadelphia chromosome; a reciprocal translocation occurs between chromosomes 9 and 22, leading to the new oncogeneic BCR::ABL1 gene1
  • The resulting BCR::ABL1 fusion gene produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase that promotes abnormal myeloid cell proliferation2
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The worldwide incidence of CML is high

Global burden of disease studies from online databases

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Percentage of new cases (2018-2022) and deaths (2019-2023) due to CML by age group6

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In 2019, the annual ASIR of CML was 0.83, and the ASDR was 0.38 per 100,000 people7

 

ABL1, Abelson tyrosine kinase 1; BCR, breakpoint cluster region; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; ASIR, age-standardized incidence rate; ASDR, age standardized death rate; ALL, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia; CLL, Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia; AML, Acute Myeloid Leukemia

References

  1. Sampaio MM, Santos ML, Marques HS, de Souza Gonçalves VL, Araújo GR, Lopes LW, Apolonio JS, Silva CS, de Sá Santos LK, Cuzzuol BR, Guimarães QE. Chronic myeloid leukemia-from the Philadelphia chromosome to specific target drugs: A literature review. World journal of clinical oncology. 2021 Feb 24;12(2):69.

  2. Huang TT, Wang X, Qiang SJ, Zhao ZN, Wu ZX, Ashby Jr CR, Li JZ, Chen ZS. The discovery of novel BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors using a pharmacophore modeling and virtual screening approach. Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology. 2021 Mar 4;9:649434.

  3. National Cancer Institute (NCI). Philadelphia chromosome. Available at: https://www.cancer.gov/publications/dictionaries/cancer-terms/def/philadelphia-chromosome . Last accessed 10/9/2025

  4. Choi EJ. Asciminib: the first-in-class allosteric inhibitor of BCR:: ABL1 kinase. Blood research. 2023 Apr 30;58(S1):S29-36.

  5. Dong Y, Shi O, Zeng Q, Lu X, Wang W, Li Y, Wang Q. Leukemia incidence trends at the global, regional, and national level between 1990 and 2017. Experimental hematology & oncology. 2020 Jun 19;9(1):14.

  6. National Cancer Institute (NCI). Cancer Stat Facts: Leukemia — Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML). Available at: https://seer.cancer.gov/statfacts/html/cmyl.html . Last accessed 10/9/2025

  7. Hu Y, Li Q, Hou M, Peng J, Yang X, Xu S. Magnitude and temporal trend of the chronic myeloid leukemia: on the basis of the global burden of disease study 2019. JCO global oncology. 2021 Sep;7:1429-41.

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